Spring motor

ABSTRACT

A motor for controlling the elevating and lowering of a load comprises a storage drum, an output drum and a spring member operatively connected therebetween to provide a spring motor therewith, and a pair of cord drums aligned with and respectively adjacent the storage drum and the output drum. A gear train including an idler gear associated with the storage drum drivingly interengages the cord drums with the output drum, whereby the elevating and lowering of a load attached to the cords on the cord drums is balanced regardless of whether the elevating or lowering force is applied centrally between the points of attachment of the cords to the load.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the art of spring motors and, moreparticularly, to improvements in connection with the size and operationof spring motors.

Spring motors according to the present invention have improved size andoperating characteristics whereby the spring motors find particularutility in conjunction with assisting the elevating and lowering of avariable load such as that provided by a venetian blind type windowcovering. Accordingly, the invention is illustrated and described hereinin connection with a variable load of the foregoing character. At thesame time, however, and as will become apparent, spring motors inaccordance with the present invention are advantageously operable inconjunction with controlling the displacement of variable loads otherthan that provided by a venetian blind and, moreover, are advantageouslyoperable in conjunction with assisting or controlling the displacementof uniform loads.

Spring motors of the character to which the present invention isdirected are well known and comprise a flat ribbon of spring metal whichis prestressed and coiled so as to have a natural or relaxed state inwhich the spring forms a tightly wound coil disposed on or in a storageor takeup drum. The free end of the coil is attached to the hub of anoutput or drive drum onto which the spring is backwound by rotating theoutput drum in a direction to backwind the spring thereon. When theholding force or load by which the spring is backwound on the outputdrum is released, the curling property of the spring rewinds the latteronto or into the storage drum toward its natural or relaxed state. As iswell known, the spring member in such spring motors can be of constantor variable force, depending upon the intended use for the motor. As isfurther well known, a variable force characteristic can be attained in anumber of ways including tapering the thickness and/or width of thespring member between its opposite ends and/or varying the radius ofcurvature of the spring member along the length thereof.

Spring motors of the foregoing character are used in a variety ofapplications where it is desired to control the force required todisplace a load or object between extended and retracted positionsrelative to a location at which the spring motor is fixed. Such usesinclude the unwinding and rewinding of a motor vehicle seat belt asshown, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,429,840 to Chawla et al., and theelevating end lowering of a load supported in suspension such as shown,for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,020,032 to Dale et al. In the foregoingand other applications, a control drum which is coaxial with the outputdrum is attached thereto for rotation therewith, and a belt or cord iswound onto the control drum in a direction which provides for theunwinding of the belt or cord relative to the control drum to rotate theoutput drum in the direction for winding the spring member thereontofrom the storage drum. When the force required for such unwinding isrelaxed, the spring member returns to its natural coiled conditionwhereupon the output drum is rotated by the spring member in thedirection to rewind the cord or belt onto the control drum. Inconjunction with elevating and lowering a load such as the base orbottom rail and slats of a venetian blind, two cords can be wound on thecontrol drum in opposite directions with the free ends of the cordsattached adjacent the opposite ends of the base rail. When the rail islowered, the two cords unwind from the control drum thus driving theoutput drum to wind the spring member thereon. Upward displacement ofthe rail from a lowered position results in the spring member rewindingrelative to the storage drum to rotate the output drum and thus thecontrol drum in the direction to rewind the two cords thereunto. Inelevating and lowering a suspended load of the foregoing character whichis too heavy to provide desired displacement characteristics inconnection with the elevating and lowering thereof using a single springmotor, and as an alternative to providing a larger spring motor for thelatter purpose, two spring motors of a given size can be operated inunison and each of the two cords can be wound on the control drum of acorresponding one of the two motors.

Spring motors of the foregoing character have a number of disadvantages,none the least of which is the lack of versatility with respect todesigning control arrangements which optimize location of the controldrum or other control member relative to the spring motor in conjunctionwith parameters such as space requirements and spring motor location inconnection with a particular intended use for the spring motor. Forexample in this respect, the control drum is coaxial with the outputdrum of the spring motor thus adding to the space requirement for thespring motor in the direction of the drum axes. In connection withelevating and lowering a load such as a venetian blind wherein thespring motor is mounted in the head rail of the blind with the drum axesperpendicular to the window, coaxial mounting of the cord drum with thedrive drum of the spring motor increases the width requirement for thehead rail perpendicular to the window at least by the axial width of thecord drum. This not only requires use of additional material inconstructing the head rail but also can affect the aesthetics of thevenetian blind assembly, especially where the latter is of themini-blind type wherein the slats are relatively narrow and it isdesirable to provide for the width of the head rail to correspond asclosely as possible thereto. Further disadvantage resides in the factthat the required mounting of the cord drum or other control drum on thedrive drum of the spring motor precludes any selectivity with respect topositional orientation between the control drum and drive drum and,thus, the ability to construct a spring motor or an arrangement ofspring motors to operate in unison without particular concern for thelocation of the control drum relative to the drive drum of a singlespring motor or the drive drums of a plurality of such motors arrangedto operate in unison. Still further, in conjunction with operating aplurality of spring motors in unison for elevating and lowering a loadsuch as a venetian blind through the use of a pair of cords, prior artspring motor arrangements do not provide for a desired even motionbetween the component parts of the several motors and, accordingly, donot provide a desired balance with respect to elevating and lowering theload in the absence of the elevating and lowering control force beingequally applied to both cords.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A motor in accordance with the present invention, comprising storage andoutput drums and a spring member operatively connected therebetween toprovide a spring motor therewith, includes a control arrangement bywhich rotation of the output drum is controlled in a manner whichovercomes the foregoing and other disadvantages attendant to the use ofspring motors heretofore available. More particularly in this respect,the control arrangement in accordance with the present invention islaterally aligned with the output and storage drums of the spring motorand is either directly or indirectly drivingly interengaged with theoutput drum for controlling rotation of the latter with respect to thewinding and unwinding of the spring member thereon during operation ofthe motor. In either case, the control arrangement is such that themotor has a width in the direction of the storage and output drum axesbasically corresponding to the axial dimensions of the storage andoutput drums, whereby the width of the motor in the direction of thedrum axes is minimized.

In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the control arrangementincludes a control drum rotatable about an axis parallel to and spacedfrom the output and storage drum axes, and the control drum is eitherdirectly or indirectly drivably interengaged with the output drum so asto control the rotation of the latter in connection with the winding andunwinding of the spring member thereon. In connection with a singlespring motor, direct driving interengagement can be achieved by aligned,interengaging gears on the output and control drums. Alternatively, anindirect drive of the output drum can be achieved by a gear trainincluding an idler gear coaxial with the storage drum and which isdirectly driven by the control drum.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a single springmotor or a plurality of spring motors interconnected for operation inunison, can be provided with two control drums to facilitatedisplacement of a load relative to the motor through two flexible linesor cords respectively wound about one and the other of the controldrums. In this instance, with regard to a single spring motor, a firstone of the control drums is directly drivingly interengaged with theoutput drum of the spring motor such as through gears therebetween, andthe second control drum is indirectly drivingly interengaged with theoutput drum through a gear on the second control drum and an idler gearcoaxial with the storage drum. In an arrangement of a plurality ofspring motors in series with one another for operation in unison, one ofthe control drums is directly drivingly interengaged with the outputdrum of a first motor in the series, and the other control drum isindirectly drivingly interengaged with the output drum of the last motorin the series in the manner described for a single motor. Further, theoutput drum of the spring motor or motors between the first and lastmotors in the series are drivingly interconnected with the output drumsof the first and last motors. Preferably, such driving interengagementbetween the component parts of a motor or motors in the foregoingarrangements is achieved by a gear train including gears on androtatable with the control drums and output drums, and idler gearscoaxial with and rotatable relative to the storage drums.

The drivingly interengaged relationship between a pair of control drumsand one or more spring motors associated therewith advantageouslyprovides for even motion between the component parts and the balanceddisplacement of a load supported between the control drum lines, even ifthe controlling force on the two lines is not equal. In connection withelevating and lowering a venetian blind, for example, the drivinglyinterengaged relationship provides for the uniform application of springforce in both directions of operation of the spring motor and thusuniform motion of all moving parts to assure balanced lowering andelevating of the blind with respect to maintaining the base rail of theblind horizontal. Furthermore, the drivingly interengaging arrangementwhich is preferably provided by a gear train promotes minimizing thewidth of the motor axially of the control, output, and storage drumswhile providing the foregoing desirable operating characteristics.

It is accordingly an outstanding object of the present of the presentinvention to provide improved arrangements for controlling rotation ofthe output drum of a spring motor in connection with the displacement ofa load between extended and retracted positions relative to the springmotor.

Another object is the provision of a motor of the foregoing characterwherein the control arrangement is aligned with the output and storagedrums of the spring motor transverse to the axes thereof, whereby thewidth of the motor in the direction of the axes of the output andstorage drums of the spring motor is minimized.

A further object is the provision of a motor of the foregoing characterwherein the control arrangement can be selectively positioned relativeto the output and storage drums of a spring motor and directly and/orindirectly drivingly interengaged with the output drum.

Still another object is the provision of a motor of the foregoingcharacter wherein the control arrangement provides for uniform motionbetween all of the moving parts thereof, thus assuring balanceddisplacement of a load both in the extending and retracting thereofrelative to the spring motor.

Still a further object is the provision of a motor of the foregoingcharacter in which the control arrangement includes a pair of controldrums for controlling rotation of the output drum of a spring motor or aplurality of spring motors through a gear train including gears on thecontrol and output drums and an idler gear coaxial with the storage drumof each spring motor.

Yet another object is the provision of a motor of the foregoingcharacter wherein the control drums have a flexible control line or cordwound thereon the free ends of which are connected to a common load tobe elevated and lowered relative to the motor, such as the base andslats of a venetian blind, and wherein the control arrangement providesfor the balanced elevating and lowering of the load independent of theapplication of an equal control force to each of the ends of the controllines connected to the load.

Still a further object is the provision of a motor of the foregoingcharacter which is structurally simple, structurally compact, hasconsiderable versatility with respect to design parameters, and which ishighly efficient in operation in connection with controlling thedisplacement of a load relative thereto.

BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing objects, and others, will in part be obvious and in partpointed out more fully hereinafter in conjunction with the writtendescription of preferred embodiments of the invention illustrated in theaccompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a front elevation view schematically illustrating a motor inaccordance with the present invention operatively associated with aVenetian blind;

FIG. 2 is a plane view of the motor illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a sectional elevation view of the motor taken along line 3--3in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a sectional elevation view of the motor taken along line 4--4in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional elevation view of a control drum of themotor taken along line 5--5 in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the output drum of themotor taken along line 6--6 in FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the storage drum of themotor taken along line 7--7 in FIG. 2;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a spring member for the spring motorshown wound on the storage drum;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the spring member shown partially woundon the storage and output drums;

FIG. 10 is a front elevation view of a motor similar to that shown inFIGS. 2-4 with the front support plate removed for clarity and whichmotor includes a plurality of spring motors between the control drums;

FIG. 11 is a front elevation view schematically illustrating anotherembodiment of a motor in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a front elevation view schematically illustrating yet anotherembodiment of a motor according to the invention; and

FIG. 13 is a front elevation view schematically illustrating stillanother embodiment of a motor in accordance with the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now in greater detail to the drawings, wherein the showingsare for the purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments of theinvention only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention, FIG. 1somewhat schematically illustrates a motor 10 according to the presentinvention operatively associated with a venetian blind unit 12 toprovide a cordless arrangement for elevating and lowering the blind.More particularly in this respect, the venetian blind unit includes ahead rail 14, a base or bottom rail 16, and a plurality of blind slats18. As is well known and not shown, slats 18 are independently supportedfrom head rail 14 so as to be vertically spaced from one another whenbase rail 16 is lowered as shown in FIG. 1, and the slats collectivelystack upon one another and are supported by base rail 16 when the latteris elevated to its retracted position beneath and closely adjacent tohead rail 14. Motor 10 is suitably mounted in head rail 14 and, as willbe described in greater detail hereinafter, comprises a spring motor 20and a control arrangement therefor which includes cord drums 22 and 24on which flexible cords 26 and 28 are respectively wound. Cords 26 and28 extend outwardly from the corresponding drum and about correspondingsupport pulleys 30 and have corresponding free ends 26a and 28a suitablysecured to base rail 16 adjacent the opposite ends thereof. Motor 10 inthis environment provides a cordless venetian blind in which a minimalmanual force applied in opposite directions to base rail 16 provides forelevating and lowering the latter and slats 18 relative to head rail 14.

As best seen in FIGS. 2-7 of the drawing, motor 10 includes front andrear metal support plates 32 and 34, respectively, which provide themotor with longitudinally opposite ends 10a and 10b. As will bedescribed in greater detail hereinafter, spring motor 20 includes anoutput drum 36 mounted between plates 32 and 34 for rotation about adrum axis 38, a storage drum 40 mounted between plates 32 and 34 forrotation relative thereto about a drum axis 42 transverse to the plates,and control or cord drums 22 and 24 which are respectively mountedadjacent ends 10a and 10b of plates 32 and 34 for rotation about drumaxes 44 and 46, respectively. Axes 38, 42, 44 and 46 are transverse toplates 32 and 34, parallel to one another and spaced apart in a commonplane A.

The structures of cord drums 22 and 24 are identical, whereby it will beappreciated that the following description of cord drum 22 shown in FIG.5 is also applicable to cord drum 24. Referring now to FIG. 5, cord drum22 includes a circular hub 48 having a radially outwardly extendingperipheral flange 50 adjacent support plate 34 and a radially outwardlyextending toothed drum gear 52 adjacent the inner side of support plate32. Hub 48 includes axially inwardly extending annular recesses 54 and56, and the drum is rotatably supported between plates 32 and 34 byrespectively staking the plates to provide annular sleeves 58 and 60extending axially inwardly of the corresponding one of the recesses 54and 56. Drum gear 52 is provided adjacent hub 48 with an axiallyextending opening 62 having an enlarged outer end 62a, and the inner endof cord 26 extends axially outwardly through opening 62 and is knottedor otherwise enlarged in outer portion 62a so as to anchor the cordrelative to the drum. The cord is then wound about hub 48 between flange50 and gear 52 to provide a necessary length thereof for operating motor10 in connection with elevating and lowering the venetian blind. It willbe appreciated that cord 28 is attached to and wound about the hub ofdrum 24 for the same purpose. The direction of winding of cords 26 and28 on the corresponding drum will become apparent hereinafter.

As will be best appreciated from FIG. 6, output drum 36 of spring motor20 comprises a hub 64 having a radially outwardly extending peripheralflange 66 adjacent the inner side of support plate 34 and a radiallyoutwardly extending toothed drum gear 68 adjacent the inner side ofsupport plate 32. Drum 36 is mounted between plates 32 and 34 forrotation relative thereto by means of an axle member 70 extendingthrough an opening 72 therefor in hub 64 and which axle provides drumaxis 38. The axially opposite ends of axle 70 are provided withprojections 74 extending through openings 76 in support plates 32 and34, and the support plates and axle are securely interengaged bythreaded fasteners 78 having threaded shanks extending into threadedopenings therefor in axle 70. Spring motor 20 further includes a springmember S which is described hereinafter and which, as is well known, isoperatively connected between output drum 36 and storage drum 40 toprovide a spring motor therewith. In this respect, spring S has a firstend Si staked to hub 64 of output drum 36 and, for this purpose, hub 64is provided with a radially outwardly extending projection 80 forattaching spring end S1 thereto. As is further well known, when spring Sis wound onto output drum 36 from storage drum 40 the spring force tendsto rewind spring S onto the storage drum. In order to enable locking ofthe spring motor in a position in which spring S is partially woundabout output drum 36, hub 64 is provided with pairs of diametricallyopposed openings 82 extending axially thereinto from the end of the hubadjacent the inner side of support plate 34, and the latter is providedwith an opening 84 alignable with each of the openings 82. When aligned,the openings 82 and 84 receive a removable lock pin 86 whichinterengages output drum 36 with support plate 34 to preclude rotationof the drum relative thereto. The lock pin arrangement advantageouslyfacilitates the mounting of motor 10 in the head rail of a venetianblind and making the necessary connections between cords 26 and 28 andbase rail 16 in conjunction with assembly and mounting of the venetianblind.

Referring now to FIG. 7, storage drum 40 includes a circular hub 88having a radially outwardly extending peripheral flange 90 adjacent theinner side of support plate 34. Hub 88 is mounted between support plates32 and 34 for rotation relative thereto by a drum axle 92 which providesdrum 42 and extends through an opening 93 therefor in hub 88. In amanner similar to that of output drum 36, the axially opposite ends ofaxle 92 are provided with axially outwardly extending projections 94which extend through openings 96 provided therefor in support plates 32and 34, and the axle is securely fastened between plates 32 and 34 bythreaded fasteners 98 having threaded shanks interengaging with threadedopenings therefor in the axle. Storage drum 40 further includes an idlergear 100 on axle 92 between hub 88 and the inner side of support plate32. Hub 88 and idler gear 100 are rotatable about axle 92 relative toone another and to support plates 32 and 34.

As will be appreciated from the description of motor 10 thus far, axles70 and 92 of the output and storage drums maintain support plates 32 and34 in parallel spaced apart relationship, whereby threaded fasteners 78and 98 are the only fasteners required to maintain the component partsof the motor in assembled relationship. As will be appreciated fromFIGS. 2 and 4, and for the purposes set forth more fully hereinafter,control drum gears 52, output drum gear 68, and storage drum gear 100are of the same diameter, have the same number of teeth about theperipheries thereof, and are mounted between support plates 32 and 34 inlongitudinal alignment and with the gear teeth of each gear in meshinginterengagement with the teeth of the longitudinally adjacent gear.

Referring now to FIGS. 8 and 9 of the drawing, end S1 of spring S has anopening 102 therethrough to accommodate projection 80 on hub 64 ofoutput drum 36 by which end S1 is staked to the latter drum. As is wellknown, spring S is a prestressed strip of flat spring metal having anatural or relaxed state in which it forms a tightly wound coil which ismounted on but not fastened to the storage drum. End S1 of the spring,as will be appreciated from the orientation shown in FIGS. 3 and 9, isattached to output drum 36 so as to be wound thereabout counter to therelaxed curvature of the spring. Accordingly, as spring S isprogressively transferred from storage drum 40 to output drum 36 byrotation of the latter counter clockwise in FIGS. 3 and 9, the springprovides a desired constant or variable resisting force which, uponrelease of the force causing the counter clockwise rotation of outputdrum 36, rewinds spring S on storage drum 40. Preferably, in connectionwith elevating and lowering the venetian blind illustrated in FIG. 1,spring S is a variable force spring in which the return force isgreatest when base rail 16 and slats 18 of the venetian blind are in theelevated position thereof immediately beneath head rail 14. In thelatter position, as is well known, base rail 16 supports the cumulativeweight of slats 18 and thus provides the greatest load in the downwarddirection on cords 26 and 28 and thus on motor 10. In contrast, whenbase rail 16 is fully lowered as represented in FIG. 1, slats 18 aresupported in suspension from head rail 14, whereby the load imposed oncords 26 and 28 and thus motor 10 is that of base rail 16 alone. Theforce of spring S is designed in accordance with the size of a givenvenetian blind unit to facilitate elevating and lowering of base rail 16with the application of minimal manual force by a person operating thevenetian blind. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the variableforce characteristic referred to above provides for elevating andlowering the venetian blind with a substantially uniform manual force.

More particularly regarding lowering and elevating of the venetian blind12, and assuming base rail 16 of the blind to be in its retracted orupper position underlying top rail 14 and supporting the weight of slats18, spring member S of spring motor 20 in its relaxed or natural statetightly wound on hub 88 of storage drum 40. As will be appreciated fromthe foregoing description, and with reference to FIG. 3, the load onmotor 10 through cords 26 and 28 is the greatest when base rail 16 is sopositioned, and the return force tending to wind spring member S ontothe storage drum is likewise the highest when the base rail is sopositioned. When a person grasps base rail 16 and pulls downwardlythereon, cords 26 and 28 rotate cord drums 22 and 24 counter clockwiseand clockwise, respectively, about the corresponding one of the axes 44and 46. The meshing interengagement of the teeth on cord drum gears 52,idler gear 100, and output drum gear 68 drivingly interengage drum gears52 with output gear 68, whereby the latter is rotated counter clockwisein FIG. 3 to progressively wind spring member S on to the output drum asbase rail 16 is moved downwardly. Further, as mentioned above, the loadon motor 10 decreases as base rail 16 moves downwardly and the force ofspring member S progressively decreases as the spring member is woundonto output drum 36, whereby the manual downward force required to lowerthe venetian blind remains substantially constant. Importantly inaccordance with the present invention, the intermeshing gearsadvantageously provide for even or uniform motion of the cord drums andoutput drum, thus assuring balanced lowering of base rail 16 even if themanual force is not applied directly in the center of the base rail.Thus, for example, if the user pulls downwardly on base rail 16 closerto cord 26 than to cord 28, whereby the cord force is greater on corddrum 22 than cord drum 24, the gear train not only assures the necessaryrotation of output drum 36 but also assures that cord drum 24 is rotateduniformly relative to cord drum 22, thus to unwind cord 28 therefrom formaintaining base rail 16 in a horizontal disposition during suchlowering. The force characteristic of spring member S is such that theweight of base member 16 and any slats 18 supported thereon at anyparticular point during lowering of the blind is slightly greater thanthe return force of the spring member, whereby the base rail is retainedat any given point of its extension below head rail 14 againstunintentional displacement upwardly to its retracted position.

When it is desired to retract or elevate base rail 16 and slats 18 totheir upper position underlying head rail 14, an upward force ismanually applied to base rail 16 which removes the load applied onspring motor 20 through cord drum gears 52. Accordingly, the returnforce of spring member S causes the latter to rewind on storage drum 40,and such rewinding rotates output drum 36 clockwise in FIG. 3. Suchrotation of the output drum rotates output drum gear 68 in the samedirection whereby the gear train is operable to rotate cord drum gears52 of cord drums 22 and 24 clockwise and counter clockwise,respectively, in FIG. 3 to rewind cords 26 and 28 thereon. Again, thegear train assures uniform displacement of the cord drums and thusuniform rewinding of the cords thereon even if the upward force isapplied off center with respect to base rail 16. As the base rail andslats are elevated toward head rail 14, the weight thereof progressivelyincreases to progressively increase the load on motor 10, and the forcecharacteristic of spring member S provides for the return force thereofto progressively increase whereby the manual force required to achieveelevation of the base rail and slats remains substantially uniform.Further in connection with the construction of a venetian blind unit, itwill be appreciated from FIG. 2 that the depth or width of head rail 14is substantiallly reduced by having the spring motor and cord drumslongitudinally aligned in comparison with the width which is requiredwhen the cord drum and output drum are coaxially arranged as in theprior art. The reduction in width of the head rail which is enabled bythe construction of motor 10 advantageously reduces the amount ofmaterial required to construct the head rail and adds versatility withrespect to locating the venetian blind unit relative to a window frameand window with which the unit is to be associated.

As is well known, the variable force characteristic of the spring memberof a spring motor can be obtained in a number of different waysincluding, for example, varying the thickness of the spring member alongthe length thereof, varying the width of the spring member along thelength thereof, varying both the thickness and width of the springmember along the length thereof, controlling the set and temper of thespring, and varying the radius of curvature of the spring along thelength thereof. Preferably, a variable force spring for the spring motor10 used in conjunction with the elevating and lowering of a venetianblind is obtained by varying the radius of curvature of the spring alongthe length thereof. As an example of a spring member S for elevating andlowering a venetian blind having a vertical travel of about 72 inches,and with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9, the spring is made from Bartexwhich is a spring metal having a high carbon content, and the spring hasa length of about 100 inches, a thickness t of about 0.0043 inch and awidth b of about 0.325 inch.

Further in conjunction with the preferred embodiment, each of thecontrol drum and output drum gears and the idler gear has an outsidediameter of about 1.250 inch and a pitch diameter of about 1.187 inchand 38 teeth about the periphery thereof, and each has an axial width ofabout 0.187 inch. Further, the hubs of the output, storage, and controldrums have an axial width of about 0.331 inch, the hub of the controldrum has an outer diameter of about 0.600 inch, and the hub of theoutput drum has an outer diameter of about 0.845 inch. The spring memberof the spring motor has a natural inner diameter of about 0.500 inch,and the hub of the storage drum has an outer diameter slightly largerthan the natural diameter of the spring member such that the inner endof the spring member firmly grips the drum at less than full extensionof the spring member therefrom. Preferably, the drum and gear materialis a suitable polymeric material such as nylon.

FIG. 10 somewhat schematically illustrates a motor 10A which correspondssubstantially to motor 10 described hereinabove with the exception thatmotor 10A includes a plurality of spring motors 20 in series between thelongitudinally opposite ends of the support plates and interconnectedfor operation in unison. The view in FIG. 10 is a front elevation of themotor with support plate 32 removed. Spring motors 20 in this embodimentcorrespond structurally to spring motor 20 described hereinabove as docord drums 22 and 24, and motor 10A can be used, for example, to achievethe elevating and lowering of a venetian blind in the same manner asdescribed hereinabove with regard to FIG. 1 and in connection with avenetian blind unit which would produce a heavier load to be controlledby motor 10A than that to be controlled by motor 10. As will beappreciated from FIG. 10, spring motors 20 are arranged in seriesbetween cord drums 22 and 24, whereby storage and output drums 40 and 36and thus the idler and storage drum gears 100 and 68 are alternatelyarranged in the direction from cord drum 22 toward cord drum 24. As willbe further appreciated from FIG. 10 in conjunction with the precedingdescription of motor 10, the gears are longitudinally aligned and inmeshing interengagement with one another to achieve the desired uniformmotion and movement of all of the component parts and thus the uniformapplication of force in opposite directions with respect to theoperation of the motor in conjunction with elevating and lowering avariable load.

While the embodiments thus far described are shown in association with avenetian blind unit providing a variable load supported in suspensionrelative to the motor by a pair of cords, it will be appreciated fromthe description thus far that motors 10 and 10A are operable inconnection with variable loads or torque other than that provided by avenetian blind and, moreover, are operable in connection withcontrolling the displacement of a constant or uniform load, whereinspring member S of the spring motor or motors would have a constantspring force characteristic. Moreover, and as shown for example in FIGS.11-13, longitudinal alignment between a spring member and cord orcontrol drum in accordance with the invention enables a wide variety ofselectible positioning between the component parts which lendsversatility with respect to designing a motor in accordance with spacelimitations, load requirements, and/or design parameters or constraints.Thus, as shown for example in FIG. 11, a motor 10B in accordance withthe invention includes a spring motor 200 comprising an output drum 202,a storage drum 204, and a spring member 206 operatively connectedbetween the output and storage drums to provide a spring motortherewith. Motor 10B further includes a control drum 208 on which aflexible control line 210 is wound. Output drum 202 includes a gear 212attached thereto for rotation therewith, and gear 212 is in meshingengagement with a gear 214 attached to control drum 208 for rotationtherewith. Output drum 202 is rotatable about an axis 202a, storage drumis rotatable about an axis 204a, and control drum 208 is rotatable aboutan axis 208a, which axes lie in a common plane 216. In this embodiment,a uniform or variable load applied to line 210 in the downward directionoperates to rotate output drum 202 to wind spring member 206 thereonto,and relaxing of the load causes spring member 206 to rewind on storagedrum 204 thus to retract the load upwardly. As will be appreciated fromFIG. 2, output drum 202, storage drum 204, and control drum 208 arelongitudinally aligned, thus providing for motor 10B to be used in alaterally narrow space and in conjunction with controlling thedisplacement of a load which does not require a pair of control cordssuch as is required with a venetian blind.

FIG. 12 schematically illustrates a motor 10C which is a modification ofmotor 10B. In this embodiment, control drum 208 is positioned verticallybeneath storage drum 204 of spring motor 200 and is drivinglyinterengaged with output drum 202 of the spring motor by providingstorage drum 204 with an idler gear 218 which is rotatable relative tostorage drum 204 about drum axis 204a. Axes 202a and 204a of springmotor 200 lie in a common plane 216, and storage drum axis 204a of thespring motor and axis 208a of control drum 208 lie in a common plane 220which is perpendicular to plane 216. As will be appreciated from FIG.12, a downward force on line 210 rotates control drum gear 214 counterclockwise such that output drum gear 212 is rotated counter clockwisethrough idler gear 218 to wind spring member 206 on output drum 202. Inresponse to relaxing of the load on line 210, the return force of springmember 206 causes the latter to rewind on storage drum 204 and suchrewinding rotates output drum 202 clockwise, whereby control drum 208 isrotated clockwise through idler gear 218 to rewind line 210 on thecontrol drum.

FIG. 13 schematically illustrates a motor 10D which is a modification ofmotor 10C shown in FIG. 12. In this respect, motor 10D includes a secondcontrol drum 222 on which control line 224 is wound and which includesgear 226 secured thereto for rotation therewith about drum axis 222a.Gear 226 is in meshing engagement with output drum gear 212 of springmotor 200 and with control drum gear 214 of control drum 208. Drum axes202a and 222a lie in a common plane 228 which is parallel to plane 220and thus perpendicular to plane 216. This arrangement advantageouslyprovides for supporting a load in suspension from control lines 210 and224 in a structure which is both longitudinally and laterally compactand, in accordance with the invention, advantageously provides for theuniform movement of the component parts and thus balanced elevating andlowering of a load.

As will be appreciated from the embodiments herein illustrated anddescribed, a motor in accordance with the present invention ischaracterized by at least one spring motor in which the spring memberhas a constant or variable force characteristic, and a controlarrangement in longitudinal alignment with the spring motor anddrivingly interengaged with the output drum of the spring motor toprovide lateral compactness and versatility with respect to selectingthe relative orientation between the spring motor or motors and thecomponents of the control arrangement. As used herein, the termlongitudinally is with respect to a direction transverse to the axes ofthe output and storage drums of a spring motor, and the term laterallyis with respect to the direction of the drum axes.

While considerable emphasis has been placed on the structures of theembodiments herein illustrated and described, it will be appreciatedthat many changes can be made in these embodiment and that otherembodiments can be readily devised without departing from the principlesof the invention. In this respect, for example, it will be appreciatedthat the flexible control line wound about the control drum can be otherthan a cord as described herein and, for example, could be a metal tapeor wire. Likewise, it will be appreciated that the spring motor drumsand control drum or drums can be rotatably supported between supportcomponents other than the support plates described and by supportarrangements other than the axles and staked drum supports shown anddescribed herein. Still further, it will be appreciated that the springmember of the spring motor or motors of a motor in accordance with theinvention can have a constant or variable force characteristic dependingon the character of the load applied to the control cord on the controldrum, and that the diameter of the control drum hub on which the controlline is wound can be varied to increase or decrease the torque at thecontrol drum in accordance with the force required to provide thedesired control for displacement of a given load attached to the controlline. It will likewise appreciated that other dimensional variations arepossible, and that other orientations of the control drum or drumsrelative to the spring motor or motors can be made. With regard inparticular to the latter, it will be appreciated that, for example, oneor both of the axes of the control drums in the embodiment of FIG. 13can be located anywhere between the positions shown and positions inwhich the axes would be coplanar with the spring motor drum axes. As afurther modification of the latter embodiment, and the embodiment ofFIG. 12, the axes of the control drums can be located above the springmotor drum axes rather than below and, again, in any position betweenpositions in which the control drum axes lie in planes 220 and 228 andpositions in which the latter axes are coplanar with plane 216. It willalso be appreciated that such selective orientation of the control drumor drums relative to a spring motor or spring motors is applicable tothe motor illustrated in FIGS. 1-5 and FIG. 10 of the drawing.

Still further, while it is preferred to drivingly interengage thecomponent parts of a spring motor and control drum by a gear trainarrangement as herein illustrated and described, it will be appreciatedthat it would be possible to otherwise drivingly interengage thecomponent parts, such as by providing frictionally interengaging wheelsin place of the gears or an endless belt interengagement between pulleyor sprocket wheels associated with the spring motor and control drums.Finally, it will be appreciated that the length of the spring member ofthe spring motor and the length of the flexible control line wound onthe control drum can vary depending on the distance to which the load isto be displaced in the direction away from the motor. However, it is tobe understood that in accordance with the invention the loaddisplacement is such that the control drum and output drum of the springmotor undergo multiple revolutions in connection with displacing theload in opposite directions relative thereto. The foregoing and othermodifications of the embodiments herein illustrated and described aswell as other embodiments of the invention will be obvious to thoseskilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to bedistinctly understood that the foregoing description is to beinterpreted merely as illustrative of the invention and not as alimitation.

Having thus described the invention, it is claimed:
 1. A motorcomprising spring storage drum means having a first axis, an output drumrotatable about a second axis parallel to and spaced from said firstaxis, a spring member coiled on said storage drum means coaxial withsaid first axis and having a first end on said storage drum means and afree end connected to said output drum for rotation of said output drumin one direction about said second axis to wind said spring memberthereon from said storage drum means and for said spring member to biassaid output drum in the direction opposite said one direction to rewindsaid spring member on said storage drum means, said spring member havinglaterally opposite sides transverse to said first and second axes, saidoutput drum including output drum drive means adjacent one of said sidesof said spring member for rotating said output drum in said onedirection about said second axis for winding said spring member on saidoutput drum, control means laterally aligned with said drive means, andmeans interengaging said control means and said drive means for saidcontrol means to control rotation of said output drum in said one andopposite directions.
 2. A motor according to claim 1, wherein saidcontrol means is rotatable about a third axis parallel to and spacedfrom said second axis.
 3. A motor according to claim 2, wherein saidmeans interengaging said control means and said drive means includesgear means.
 4. A motor according to claim 2, wherein said first, second,and third axes lie in a common plane.
 5. A motor according to claim 2,wherein said first and second axes lie in a common plane and said thirdaxis is spaced from said plane.
 6. A motor according to claim 2, andmeans supporting said storage drum means, said output drum and saidcontrol means including parallel spaced apart support plates, saidstorage drum means, output drum and control means being between saidsupport plates, and said first, second, and third axes being transversethereto.
 7. A motor according to claim 2, wherein said control means isfirst control means, and second control means laterally aligned withsaid drive means and rotatable about an axis parallel to and spaced fromeach said first, second, and third axis, and means interengaging saidsecond control means with said drive means for said second control meansto control rotation of said output drum in said one and oppositedirections.
 8. A motor according to claim 1, wherein said meansinterengaging said control means and said drive means includes gearmeans.
 9. A motor according to claim 8, wherein said gear means includesa drive gear on said output drum providing said drive means and acontrol gear in meshing engagement with said drive gear and providingsaid control means.
 10. A motor according to claim 9, wherein said gearmeans further includes an idler gear rotatable about said first axisrelative to said storage drum means, said control gear being a firstcontrol gear, and a second control gear in meshing engagement with saididler gear for controlling rotation of said output drum through saididler gear.
 11. A motor according to claim 9, wherein said control gearis rotatable about a third axis parallel to said first and second axesand wherein said control means further includes a control drum connectedto said control gear for rotation therewith, and flexible line meanswound on said control drum for controlling rotation of said control drumin opposite directions about said third axis.
 12. A motor according toclaim 11, wherein said gear means further includes an idler gearrotatable about said first axis relative to said storage drum means,said control gear being a first control gear, and a second control gearin meshing engagement with said idler gear, said control drum being afirst control drum connected to said first control gear, and a secondcontrol drum connected to said second control gear for rotationtherewith about a fourth axis parallel to said first, second, and thirdaxes, and flexible line means wound on said second control drum forcontrolling rotation of said second control drum in opposite directionsabout said fourth axis.
 13. A motor according to claim 8, wherein saidgear means includes a drive gear on said output drum providing saiddrive means, an idler gear rotatable about said first axis relative tosaid storage drum means, and a control gear rotatable about a third axisparallel to said first and second axes, said control gear being inmeshing engagement with said idler gear and providing said controlmeans.
 14. A motor according to claim 13, wherein said control meansfurther includes a control drum connected to said control gear forrotation therewith, and flexible line means wound on said control drumfor controlling rotation of said control drum in opposite directionsabout said third axis.
 15. A motor according to claim 1, wherein saidcontrol means includes a rotatable control drum laterally aligned withsaid output and storage drums, and flexible line means wound on saidcontrol drum for controlling rotation thereof.
 16. A motor according toclaim 1, wherein said storage drum means, output drum and spring memberprovide a first spring motor, and at least one additional spring motordrivingly interengaged with said first spring motor to operate in unisontherewith.
 17. A motor according to claim 1, wherein said storage drummeans, output drum and spring member provide a first spring motor, and aplurality of additional spring motors corresponding structurally to saidfirst spring motor, and means drivingly interconnecting said additionalspring motors with one another and with said first spring motor for saidadditional spring motors to operate in unison with said first springmotor.
 18. A motor according to claim 17, wherein said plurality ofadditional spring motors includes a last spring motor, said controlmeans being first control means, second control means laterally alignedwith the drive means of said last spring motor, and said means drivinglyinterconnecting said additional spring motors and said first springmotor including means drivingly interengaging said second control meansand the drive means of said last spring motor.
 19. A motor according toclaim 1, wherein said control means includes a control drum rotatableabout a third axis parallel to and spaced from said first and secondaxes, said means interengaging said control means and said drive meansincluding intermeshing gear means on said control drum and said outputdrum.
 20. A motor according to claim 19, wherein each of said output andcontrol drums includes a flange transverse to the axis thereof, saidintermeshing gear means including gear teeth on each said flange.
 21. Amotor according to claim 19, wherein said control drum is a firstcontrol drum, an idler gear rotatable about said first axis relative tosaid storage drum means, said idler gear intermeshing with said gearmeans on said first control drum, and a second control drum rotatableabout a fourth axis parallel to and spaced from said first axis andincluding a gear intermeshing with said idler gear.
 22. A motoraccording to claim 21, and flexible cord means wound on each said firstand second control drum for controlling rotation thereof.
 23. A motoraccording to claim 21, wherein each of said output and said first andsecond control drums has a flange transverse to the axis thereof, saidintermeshing gear means including gear teeth on each said flange.
 24. Amotor according to claim 23, and flexible cord means wound on each saidfirst and second control drum for controlling rotation thereof.
 25. Amotor comprising, a pair of parallel spaced apart support plates, aspring motor between said plates, said spring motor including storagedrum means mounted between said plates and having a first axistransverse to said plates, an output drum mounted between said platesfor rotation about a second axis parallel to and spaced from said firstaxis, and a return spring member operatively connecting said storagedrum means and said output drum, drum gear means coaxial with saidsecond axis and connected to said output drum for rotation therewith,idler gear means coaxial with said first axis and rotatable relative tosaid storage drum means, said drum gear means and idler gear means beingin meshing interengagement, and control gear means mounted between saidplates for rotation about a third axis parallel to and spaced from saidfirst and second axes, said control gear means being in meshinginterengagement with one of said drum gear means and idler gear meansfor controlling rotation of said output drum therethrough.
 26. A motoraccording to claim 25, wherein said control gear means is first controlgear means, and second control gear means mounted between said supportplates for rotation about a fourth axis parallel to and spaced apartfrom said first, second, and third axes, said second control gear meansbeing in meshing interengagement with the other of said drum gear meansand idler gear means for controlling rotation of said output drumtherethrough.
 27. A motor according to claim 26, wherein said first,second, third, and fourth axes are in a common plane.
 28. A motoraccording to claim 26, wherein each said first and second control gearmeans includes a control drum coaxial with the corresponding one of saidthird and fourth axes, and flexible line means wound on said controldrum for controlling rotation thereof.
 29. A motor according to claim28, wherein each said first and second control drum and said output drumincludes a flange adjacent the inner side of one of said support plates,each said flange having gear teeth thereon providing said drum gearmeans and said control gear means.
 30. A motor according to claim 29,wherein said first, second, third, and fourth axes are in a commonplane.
 31. A motor according to claim 25, wherein said spring motor is afirst spring motor, and at least one additional spring motor betweensaid support plates in series with said first spring motor andcorresponding structurally to said first spring motor, the idler gearmeans of one of said first and said at least one additional spring motorbeing in meshing interengagement with the drum gear means of the otherof said first and said at least one additional spring motor for saidfirst and said at least one additional spring motor to operate inunison.
 32. A motor according to claim 31, wherein the first and secondaxes of said first and at least one additional spring motor lie in acommon plane.
 33. A motor according to claim 31, wherein said controlgear means is first control gear means, and second control gear meansmounted between said support plates for rotation about a fourth axisparallel to and spaced apart from said third axis, said first controlgear means being in meshing interengagement with one of said drum gearmeans and said idler gear means of said first spring motor, and saidsecond control gear means being in meshing interengagement with one ofsaid drum gear means and idler gear means of said at least oneadditional spring motors for said first and second control gear means tocontrol rotation of the output drums of said first and at least oneadditional spring motor.
 34. A motor according to claim 33, wherein thefirst and second axes of said first and said at least one additionalspring motor and said third and fourth axes lie in a common plane.
 35. Amotor according to claim 33, wherein each said first and second controlgear means includes a control drum coaxial with the corresponding one ofsaid third and fourth axes, and flexible line means wound on saidcontrol drum for controlling rotation thereof.
 36. A motor according toclaim 35, wherein each said first and second control drum and the outputdrums of said first and said at least one additional spring motorincludes a flange adjacent the inner side of one of said support plates,each said flange having gear teeth thereon providing said drum gearmeans and said control gear means.
 37. A motor according to claim 36,wherein said first control gear means is in meshing interengagement withsaid drum gear means of said first spring motor and said second controlgear means is in meshing interengagement with said idler gear means ofsaid at least one additional spring motor.
 38. A motor according toclaim 37, wherein the first and second axes of said first and said atleast one additional spring motor and said third and fourth axes lie ina common plane.
 39. A motor comprising, support means including a pairof parallel spaced apart support plates having opposite ends, aplurality of spring motors in series between said ends, each said motorincluding storage drum means and an output drum arranged sequentially inthe direction from one of said opposite ends toward the other and areturn spring member operatively connecting said storage drum means andsaid output drum, said storage drum means and output drum being mountedbetween said support plates and having spaced apart axes transverse tosaid plates, at least said output drum being rotatable about its axis,rotatable gear train means drivingly interconnecting said plurality ofspring motors for operation in unison, and control gear means in meshinginterengagement with at least one of the gears in said gear train meansfor controlling rotation thereof.
 40. A motor according to claim 39,wherein said gear train means includes an output gear on and rotatablewith the output drum of each of said plurality of spring motors, and anidler gear coaxial with and rotatable relative to the storage drum meansof each of said plurality of spring motors.
 41. A motor according toclaim 40, wherein said plurality of spring motors includes a firstspring motor and a last spring motor with respect to a direction fromone of said opposite ends of said support plates toward the other, oneof the output and idler gears of said first spring motor facing said oneend and the other of the output and idler gears of said last springmotor facing said other end, and said control gear means including firstand second control gears in meshing interengagement respectively withsaid one gear of said first spring motor and said other gear of saidlast spring motor.
 42. A motor according to claim 41, wherein the axesof said storage drum means and said output drum of said plurality ofspring motors lie in a common plane, said first and second control gearsbeing rotatable about axes transverse to said support plates and lyingin said plane.
 43. A motor according to claim 41, wherein said first andsecond control gears are respectively connected to first and secondcontrol drums for rotation therewith respectively about first and secondaxes transverse to said support plates, each said first and secondcontrol drum and the output drums of said plurality of spring motorsincluding a flange adjacent the inner side of one of said supportplates, each said flange having gear teeth thereon providing said firstand second control gears and the output gears of said plurality ofspring motors.
 44. A motor according to claim 43, and flexible linemeans wound on each said first and second control drum for controllingrotation thereof.
 45. A motor according to claim 44, wherein the axes ofsaid storage drum means and said output drum of said plurality of springmotors and said first and second axes lie in a common plane.